UdZ 02.24 / 97 dung, Umnutzung und Recycling fußen, um Abfälle zu minimieren und den ökologischen Fußabdruck der Industrie deutlich zu reduzieren. Durch Maßnahmen wie die Senkung des Energieverbrauchs und die Reduktion von Treibhausgasemissionen soll eine ausgewogene, regenerative Produktion gefördert werden. Technologien wie Künstliche Intelligenz und der Einsatz von additiver Fertigung tragen zur Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz bei und unterstützen so eine umweltbewusste industrielle Entwicklung4. Resilienz bezieht sich auf die Fähigkeit der Industrie, auch in Krisenzeiten widerstandsfähig zu bleiben. Es geht darum, robuste und flexible Wertschöpfungsketten zu entwickeln, die anpassungsfähige Geschäftsprozesse ermöglichen und so Stabilität in Zeiten von wirtschaftlichen Unsicherheiten oder globalen Herausforderungen wie Lieferkettenunterbrechungen sicherstellen. Insbesondere die COVID-19-Pandemie hat die Bedeutung resilienter Strukturen, vor allem in kritischen Bereichen wie dem Gesundheitswesen, verdeutlicht5. Industrie 5.0 verbindet auf harmonische Weise technologische Innovation mit ökologischer Verantwortung und menschlichen Werten. Sie schließt die Lücken, die Industrie 4.0 hinterlassen hat, indem sie eine nachhaltige, menschenfreundliche und 4 s. European Commission 2021, S. 14 5 s. ebda additive manufacturing contribute to increasing resource efficiency and thus supporting an environmentally conscious industrial development4. Resilience refers to the ability of industry to remain resilient even in times of crisis. It is about developing robust and flexible value chains that enable adaptable business processes to ensure stability in times of economic uncertainty or global challenges such as supply chain disruptions. In particular, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of resilient structures, especially in critical sectors such as healthcare5. Industry 5.0 harmoniously combines technological innovation with environmental responsibility and human values. It addresses the shortcomings of Industry 4.0 by creating a sustainable, people-friendly, and resilient industry that is both environmentally and economically stable in the long term. Filling the gaps is crucial because this phase has focused too much on technological and economic aspects, often neglecting key environmental and social issues. The focus on Industry 5.0 is important for several reasons. First, Industry 5.0 enables the fusion of advanced technologies - such as artificial intelligence, robotics, and the Internet of Things (IoT) - with human skills 4 see European Commission 2021, p. 14 5 see European Commission 2021, p. 14 -7 1784 First Mechanical Loom Industry 1.0 Mechanical production, Water and steam power1 1870 First Assembly Line Industry 2.0 Division of Labor, Mass Production, Electrical Energy1 1969 First Programmable Logic Controller Industry 3.0 Electronics, IT-Systems, Automated Production1 Transformation from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.02 Industry 4.0 lacks dimensions that are indispensable to ensure systemic change due tonegative environmental, climate and social impacts: Regenerative features of industrial transformation, to embrace circular economy and positive restorative feedback loops as a key pillar of the design of entire value chains An inherent social dimensionthat includes attention to worker well-being, social inclusion and the introduction of technologies that complement human skills Amandatory environmental dimensionaimed at eliminating fossil fuels, promoting energy efficiency, using nature-based solutions,regenerating carbon sinks and restoring biodiversity Industry 4.0 lacks key design and performance dimensions Industry 4.0 Industry 5.0 Centered around enhanced efficiency through digital connectivity (e.g. AI) Technology is centered around the emergence of cyber-physical objectives Aligned with optimisation of business models No focus on design and performance dimensions essential for systemic transformation Ensures a framework for industry that combines competitiveness and sustainability Emphasises impact for sustainability and resilience Empowers employees with a people-centered approach Creation of an ecologically sustainable use of technology Expands the remit of corporation’s responsibility to their value chains Technology Sustainability, Human-centricity, Resilience Future Industry 5.0 Cyber-Physical Systems 2011 Industry 4.0 IoT, Robotics andAI, Big Data, Cloud Computing1 Figure 1: Evolution of the industrial revolutions - from technical networking to people-centeredness, sustainability, and resilience (own illustration, based on several sources; top: own illustration based on Demir et al. 2019, p. 689; bottom left: own illustration, based on content from Renda et al. 2021, p. 5; bottom right: own illustration based on Renda et al. 2021, p. 6 et seq.)
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